Australia has a well-organized and well-structured education system. The education starts at the age of five or six, but it may differ by a narrow margin between states. It starts with the preschool education which is not compulsory and can be offered within a school or separately. The primary and secondary school encompasses the compulsory education for Australians. There are a large number of primary and high school across the country with most of them being public schools. It is estimated that public schools amount to 60% of scholars as opposed to 40% in private settings. All these education providers must be licensed by the government and must fulfill certain requirements including infrastructure and teaching. Universities, on the other hand, are mainly public institutions. The Australian education system has established a standard curriculum so all scholars will be given the same quality of education. Although there may be some states at which this curriculum is slightly modified, the changes are not significant. The actual curriculum set out in Australia education system is based on important abilities one must have in his life: Literacy, Numeracy, Information and Communication Technology, Critical and creative thinking, personal and social capability, ethical understanding, and intercultural understanding. There are hundreds of other schools out there that provide technical and further education (TAFE) and vocational education and training (VET). These schools offer short courses, certificates I through IV, diplomas, and advanced diplomas. They focus on training their students in a particular vocation or just to help their students get out into the workplace. Australian higher education modernity and reputation relies on a huge number of educational providers including universities and different training organizations. Currently, there are 43 universities across the country. The vast majority of universities are public except two private universities. The world- class teaching offered is surely undisputed. Seven Australian universities are traditionally found at the top 100 best universities in the world which is a sufficient indicator to highlight their quality. Besides universities, more than 5,000 training organizations are registered and accredited. Actual figures show that the number of enrolled students is around 3.8 million with international students sharing more than half a million. There are also 3 self-accrediting higher education institutions. Furthermore, dozens of smaller schools do not grant any degrees or have an accreditation - these are private schools that focus on theology, business, information technology, natural therapies, hospitality, health, law, and accounting. (Source: http://www.studying-in-australia.org/)
Some doctors think that you should drink a glass of water each morning. You should drink this water first thing, before doing anything else. The temperature of the water should be similar to body temperature; neither too hot nor too cold. Why should you drink this water? Water helps your body in many ways. It helps clean out your kidneys. It prepares your stomach for digestion. Water can also help your intestines work better. After drinking water, the intestines can more easily take out nutrients from our food. Water also helps us go to the bathroom more easily. Scientists suggest that people take in 1,600 milliliters of water each day. But don't drink all of that water in one sitting. If you do, your kidneys will have to work much harder to eliminate it. It's better to drink some in the morning and some in the afternoon. Some people think it's better to drink between meals and not during meals. They think water dilutes the juices produced in our stomachs. This can interfere with normal digestion. Are you drinking enough water every day? Check the color of your urine. If it is light yellow, you are probably drinking enough. If your urine is very dark yellow, you probably need to drink more water. A little more water each day could make you much healthier. (Adapted from Reading Challenge 1 by Casey Malarcher and Andrea Janzen)
An increasing number of people nowadays are choosing to work from the comfortable environment of their own homes rather than (34) _______ , the troublesome process of travelling to work every day. The emergence of teleworking, as it is commonly called, is due to the extensive use of computers in the workplace. Working conditions at home are more relaxed and can actually be timed to (35) _______ oneself. There is no stressful need to get to the office on time, no frustration (36) _______ is caused by the rush-hour traffic as with commuting, and it isn't necessary to face unpleasant colleagues on a daily basis. (37) _______, there is a negative side. For example, some people might suffer from boredom if they spend all day at home, or they might feel the temptation to spend time doing (38) _______ jobs around the house. (Adapted from FCE Use of English by Virginia Evans)
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